G4hRDEnergyLoss.cc

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// $Id$
//
// -----------------------------------------------------------
//      GEANT 4 class implementation file
//
//      History: based on object model of
//      2nd December 1995, G.Cosmo
//      ---------- G4hEnergyLoss physics process -----------
//                by Laszlo Urban, 30 May 1997
//
// **************************************************************
// It is the first implementation of the NEW UNIFIED ENERGY LOSS PROCESS.
// It calculates the energy loss of charged hadrons.
// **************************************************************
//
// 7/10/98    bug fixes + some cleanup , L.Urban
// 22/10/98   cleanup , L.Urban
// 07/12/98   works for ions as well+ bug corrected, L.Urban
// 02/02/99   several bugs fixed, L.Urban
// 31/03/00   rename to lowenergy as G4hRDEnergyLoss.cc V.Ivanchenko
// 05/11/00   new method to calculate particle ranges
// 10/05/01   V.Ivanchenko Clean up againist Linux compilation with -Wall
// 23/11/01   V.Ivanchenko Move static member-functions from header to source
// 28/10/02   V.Ivanchenko Optimal binning for dE/dx
// 21/01/03   V.Ivanchenko Cut per region
// 23/01/03   V.Ivanchenko Fix in table build
 
// 31 Jul 2008 MGP     Short term supply of energy loss of hadrons through clone of 
//                     former G4hLowEnergyLoss (with some initial cleaning)
//                     To be replaced by reworked class to deal with condensed/discrete 
//                     issues properly
 
// 25 Nov 2010 MGP     Added some protections for FPE (mostly division by 0)
//                     The whole energy loss domain would profit from a design iteration
 
// 20 Jun 2011 MGP     Corrected some compilation warnings. The whole class will be heavily refactored anyway.
 
// --------------------------------------------------------------
 
#include "G4hRDEnergyLoss.hh"
#include "G4PhysicalConstants.hh"
#include "G4SystemOfUnits.hh"
#include "G4EnergyLossTables.hh"
#include "G4Poisson.hh"
#include "G4ProductionCutsTable.hh"
 
 
// Initialisation of static members ******************************************
// contributing processes : ion.loss ->NumberOfProcesses is initialized
//   to 1 . YOU DO NOT HAVE TO CHANGE this variable for a 'normal' run.
// You have to change NumberOfProcesses
// if you invent a new process contributing to the cont. energy loss,
//   NumberOfProcesses should be 2 in this case,
//  or for debugging purposes.
//  The NumberOfProcesses data member can be changed using the (public static)
//  functions Get/Set/Plus/MinusNumberOfProcesses (see G4hRDEnergyLoss.hh)
 
 
// The following vectors have a fixed dimension this means that if they are
// filled in with more than 100 elements will corrupt the memory.
G4int G4hRDEnergyLoss::NumberOfProcesses = 1 ;
 
G4int            G4hRDEnergyLoss::CounterOfProcess = 0 ;
G4PhysicsTable** G4hRDEnergyLoss::RecorderOfProcess =
  new G4PhysicsTable*[100] ;
 
G4int            G4hRDEnergyLoss::CounterOfpProcess = 0 ;
G4PhysicsTable** G4hRDEnergyLoss::RecorderOfpProcess =
  new G4PhysicsTable*[100] ;
 
G4int            G4hRDEnergyLoss::CounterOfpbarProcess = 0 ;
G4PhysicsTable** G4hRDEnergyLoss::RecorderOfpbarProcess =
  new G4PhysicsTable*[100] ;
 
G4PhysicsTable* G4hRDEnergyLoss::theDEDXpTable = 0 ;
G4PhysicsTable* G4hRDEnergyLoss::theDEDXpbarTable = 0 ;
G4PhysicsTable* G4hRDEnergyLoss::theRangepTable = 0 ;
G4PhysicsTable* G4hRDEnergyLoss::theRangepbarTable = 0 ;
G4PhysicsTable* G4hRDEnergyLoss::theInverseRangepTable = 0 ;
G4PhysicsTable* G4hRDEnergyLoss::theInverseRangepbarTable = 0 ;
G4PhysicsTable* G4hRDEnergyLoss::theLabTimepTable = 0 ;
G4PhysicsTable* G4hRDEnergyLoss::theLabTimepbarTable = 0 ;
G4PhysicsTable* G4hRDEnergyLoss::theProperTimepTable = 0 ;
G4PhysicsTable* G4hRDEnergyLoss::theProperTimepbarTable = 0 ;
 
G4PhysicsTable* G4hRDEnergyLoss::thepRangeCoeffATable = 0 ;
G4PhysicsTable* G4hRDEnergyLoss::thepRangeCoeffBTable = 0 ;
G4PhysicsTable* G4hRDEnergyLoss::thepRangeCoeffCTable = 0 ;
G4PhysicsTable* G4hRDEnergyLoss::thepbarRangeCoeffATable = 0 ;
G4PhysicsTable* G4hRDEnergyLoss::thepbarRangeCoeffBTable = 0 ;
G4PhysicsTable* G4hRDEnergyLoss::thepbarRangeCoeffCTable = 0 ;
 
G4PhysicsTable* G4hRDEnergyLoss::theDEDXTable = 0 ;
G4PhysicsTable* G4hRDEnergyLoss::theRangeTable = 0 ;
G4PhysicsTable* G4hRDEnergyLoss::theInverseRangeTable = 0 ;
G4PhysicsTable* G4hRDEnergyLoss::theLabTimeTable = 0 ;
G4PhysicsTable* G4hRDEnergyLoss::theProperTimeTable = 0 ;
 
G4PhysicsTable* G4hRDEnergyLoss::theRangeCoeffATable = 0 ;
G4PhysicsTable* G4hRDEnergyLoss::theRangeCoeffBTable = 0 ;
G4PhysicsTable* G4hRDEnergyLoss::theRangeCoeffCTable = 0 ;
 
//const G4Proton* G4hRDEnergyLoss::theProton=G4Proton::Proton() ;
//const G4AntiProton* G4hRDEnergyLoss::theAntiProton=G4AntiProton::AntiProton() ;
 
G4double G4hRDEnergyLoss::ParticleMass;
G4double G4hRDEnergyLoss::ptableElectronCutInRange = 0.0*mm ;
G4double G4hRDEnergyLoss::pbartableElectronCutInRange = 0.0*mm ;
 
G4double G4hRDEnergyLoss::Mass,
  G4hRDEnergyLoss::taulow, 
  G4hRDEnergyLoss::tauhigh, 
  G4hRDEnergyLoss::ltaulow, 
  G4hRDEnergyLoss::ltauhigh; 
 
G4double G4hRDEnergyLoss::dRoverRange = 0.20 ;
G4double G4hRDEnergyLoss::finalRange = 200.*micrometer ;
 
G4double     G4hRDEnergyLoss::c1lim = dRoverRange ;
G4double     G4hRDEnergyLoss::c2lim = 2.*(1.-dRoverRange)*finalRange ;
G4double     G4hRDEnergyLoss::c3lim = -(1.-dRoverRange)*finalRange*finalRange;
 
G4double         G4hRDEnergyLoss::Charge ;   
 
G4bool   G4hRDEnergyLoss::rndmStepFlag   = false ;
G4bool   G4hRDEnergyLoss::EnlossFlucFlag = true ;
 
G4double G4hRDEnergyLoss::LowestKineticEnergy = 10.*eV;
G4double G4hRDEnergyLoss::HighestKineticEnergy= 100.*GeV;
G4int    G4hRDEnergyLoss::TotBin = 360;
G4double G4hRDEnergyLoss::RTable,G4hRDEnergyLoss::LOGRTable;
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
// constructor and destructor
 
G4hRDEnergyLoss::G4hRDEnergyLoss(const G4String& processName)
  : G4VContinuousDiscreteProcess (processName),
    MaxExcitationNumber (1.e6),
    probLimFluct (0.01),
    nmaxDirectFluct (100),
    nmaxCont1(4),
    nmaxCont2(16),
    theLossTable(0),
    linLossLimit(0.05),
    MinKineticEnergy(0.0) 
{;}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
G4hRDEnergyLoss::~G4hRDEnergyLoss() 
{
  if(theLossTable) {
    theLossTable->clearAndDestroy();
    delete theLossTable;
  }
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
G4int G4hRDEnergyLoss::GetNumberOfProcesses()    
{   
  return NumberOfProcesses; 
} 
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
void G4hRDEnergyLoss::SetNumberOfProcesses(G4int number)
{
  NumberOfProcesses=number; 
} 
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
void G4hRDEnergyLoss::PlusNumberOfProcesses()
{ 
  NumberOfProcesses++; 
} 
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
void G4hRDEnergyLoss::MinusNumberOfProcesses()
{ 
  NumberOfProcesses--; 
} 
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
void G4hRDEnergyLoss::SetdRoverRange(G4double value) 
{
  dRoverRange = value;
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
void G4hRDEnergyLoss::SetRndmStep (G4bool   value) 
{
  rndmStepFlag = value;
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
void G4hRDEnergyLoss::SetEnlossFluc (G4bool value) 
{
  EnlossFlucFlag = value;
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
void G4hRDEnergyLoss::SetStepFunction (G4double c1, G4double c2)
{
  dRoverRange = c1; 
  finalRange = c2;
  c1lim=dRoverRange;
  c2lim=2.*(1-dRoverRange)*finalRange;
  c3lim=-(1.-dRoverRange)*finalRange*finalRange;
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
void G4hRDEnergyLoss::BuildDEDXTable(
                     const G4ParticleDefinition& aParticleType)
{
  //  calculate data members TotBin,LOGRTable,RTable first
 
  const G4ProductionCutsTable* theCoupleTable=
    G4ProductionCutsTable::GetProductionCutsTable();
  size_t numOfCouples = theCoupleTable->GetTableSize();
 
  // create/fill proton or antiproton tables depending on the charge
  Charge = aParticleType.GetPDGCharge()/eplus;
  ParticleMass = aParticleType.GetPDGMass() ;
 
  if (Charge>0.) {theDEDXTable= theDEDXpTable;}
  else           {theDEDXTable= theDEDXpbarTable;}
 
  if( ((Charge>0.) && (theDEDXTable==0)) ||
      ((Charge<0.) && (theDEDXTable==0)) 
      )
    {
 
      // Build energy loss table as a sum of the energy loss due to the
      //              different processes.
      if( Charge >0.)
    {
      RecorderOfProcess=RecorderOfpProcess;
      CounterOfProcess=CounterOfpProcess;
 
      if(CounterOfProcess == NumberOfProcesses)
        {
          if(theDEDXpTable)
        { theDEDXpTable->clearAndDestroy();
          delete theDEDXpTable; }
          theDEDXpTable = new G4PhysicsTable(numOfCouples);
          theDEDXTable = theDEDXpTable;
        }
    }
      else
    {
      RecorderOfProcess=RecorderOfpbarProcess;
      CounterOfProcess=CounterOfpbarProcess;
 
      if(CounterOfProcess == NumberOfProcesses)
        {
          if(theDEDXpbarTable)
        { theDEDXpbarTable->clearAndDestroy();
          delete theDEDXpbarTable; }
          theDEDXpbarTable = new G4PhysicsTable(numOfCouples);
          theDEDXTable = theDEDXpbarTable;
        }
    }
 
      if(CounterOfProcess == NumberOfProcesses)
    {
      //  loop for materials
      G4double LowEdgeEnergy , Value ;
      G4bool isOutRange ;
      G4PhysicsTable* pointer ;
 
      for (size_t J=0; J<numOfCouples; J++)
        {
          // create physics vector and fill it
          G4PhysicsLogVector* aVector = new G4PhysicsLogVector(
                                   LowestKineticEnergy, HighestKineticEnergy, TotBin);
 
          // loop for the kinetic energy
          for (G4int i=0; i<TotBin; i++)
        {
          LowEdgeEnergy = aVector->GetLowEdgeEnergy(i) ;
          Value = 0. ;
 
          // loop for the contributing processes
          for (G4int process=0; process < NumberOfProcesses; process++)
            {
              pointer= RecorderOfProcess[process];
              Value += (*pointer)[J]->
            GetValue(LowEdgeEnergy,isOutRange) ;
            }
 
          aVector->PutValue(i,Value) ;
        }
 
          theDEDXTable->insert(aVector) ;
        }
 
      //  reset counter to zero ..................
      if( Charge >0.)
        CounterOfpProcess=0 ;
      else
        CounterOfpbarProcess=0 ;
 
      // Build range table
      BuildRangeTable( aParticleType);
 
      // Build lab/proper time tables
      BuildTimeTables( aParticleType) ;
 
      // Build coeff tables for the energy loss calculation
      BuildRangeCoeffATable( aParticleType);
      BuildRangeCoeffBTable( aParticleType);
      BuildRangeCoeffCTable( aParticleType);
 
      // invert the range table
 
      BuildInverseRangeTable(aParticleType);
    }
    }
  // make the energy loss and the range table available
 
  G4EnergyLossTables::Register(&aParticleType,
                   (Charge>0)?
                   theDEDXpTable: theDEDXpbarTable,
                   (Charge>0)?
                   theRangepTable: theRangepbarTable,
                   (Charge>0)?
                   theInverseRangepTable: theInverseRangepbarTable,
                   (Charge>0)?
                   theLabTimepTable: theLabTimepbarTable,
                   (Charge>0)?
                   theProperTimepTable: theProperTimepbarTable,
                   LowestKineticEnergy, HighestKineticEnergy,
                   proton_mass_c2/aParticleType.GetPDGMass(),
                   TotBin);
 
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
void G4hRDEnergyLoss::BuildRangeTable(
                      const G4ParticleDefinition& aParticleType)
// Build range table from the energy loss table
{
  Mass = aParticleType.GetPDGMass();
 
  const G4ProductionCutsTable* theCoupleTable=
    G4ProductionCutsTable::GetProductionCutsTable();
  size_t numOfCouples = theCoupleTable->GetTableSize();
 
  if( Charge >0.)
    {
      if(theRangepTable)
    { theRangepTable->clearAndDestroy();
      delete theRangepTable; }
      theRangepTable = new G4PhysicsTable(numOfCouples);
      theRangeTable = theRangepTable ;
    }
  else
    {
      if(theRangepbarTable)
    { theRangepbarTable->clearAndDestroy();
      delete theRangepbarTable; }
      theRangepbarTable = new G4PhysicsTable(numOfCouples);
      theRangeTable = theRangepbarTable ;
    }
 
  // loop for materials
 
  for (size_t J=0;  J<numOfCouples; J++)
    {
      G4PhysicsLogVector* aVector;
      aVector = new G4PhysicsLogVector(LowestKineticEnergy,
                       HighestKineticEnergy,TotBin);
 
      BuildRangeVector(J, aVector);
      theRangeTable->insert(aVector);
    }
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
void G4hRDEnergyLoss::BuildTimeTables(
                      const G4ParticleDefinition& aParticleType)
{
 
  const G4ProductionCutsTable* theCoupleTable=
    G4ProductionCutsTable::GetProductionCutsTable();
  size_t numOfCouples = theCoupleTable->GetTableSize();
 
  if(&aParticleType == G4Proton::Proton())
    {
      if(theLabTimepTable)
    { theLabTimepTable->clearAndDestroy();
      delete theLabTimepTable; }
      theLabTimepTable = new G4PhysicsTable(numOfCouples);
      theLabTimeTable = theLabTimepTable ;
 
      if(theProperTimepTable)
    { theProperTimepTable->clearAndDestroy();
      delete theProperTimepTable; }
      theProperTimepTable = new G4PhysicsTable(numOfCouples);
      theProperTimeTable = theProperTimepTable ;
    }
 
  if(&aParticleType == G4AntiProton::AntiProton())
    {
      if(theLabTimepbarTable)
    { theLabTimepbarTable->clearAndDestroy();
      delete theLabTimepbarTable; }
      theLabTimepbarTable = new G4PhysicsTable(numOfCouples);
      theLabTimeTable = theLabTimepbarTable ;
 
      if(theProperTimepbarTable)
    { theProperTimepbarTable->clearAndDestroy();
      delete theProperTimepbarTable; }
      theProperTimepbarTable = new G4PhysicsTable(numOfCouples);
      theProperTimeTable = theProperTimepbarTable ;
    }
 
  for (size_t J=0;  J<numOfCouples; J++)
    {
      G4PhysicsLogVector* aVector;
      G4PhysicsLogVector* bVector;
 
      aVector = new G4PhysicsLogVector(LowestKineticEnergy,
                       HighestKineticEnergy,TotBin);
 
      BuildLabTimeVector(J, aVector);
      theLabTimeTable->insert(aVector);
 
      bVector = new G4PhysicsLogVector(LowestKineticEnergy,
                       HighestKineticEnergy,TotBin);
 
      BuildProperTimeVector(J, bVector);
      theProperTimeTable->insert(bVector);
    }
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
void G4hRDEnergyLoss::BuildRangeVector(G4int materialIndex,
                       G4PhysicsLogVector* rangeVector)
//  create range vector for a material
{
  G4bool isOut;
  G4PhysicsVector* physicsVector= (*theDEDXTable)[materialIndex];
  G4double energy1 = rangeVector->GetLowEdgeEnergy(0);
  G4double dedx    = physicsVector->GetValue(energy1,isOut);
  G4double range   = 0.5*energy1/dedx;
  rangeVector->PutValue(0,range);
  G4int n = 100;
  G4double del = 1.0/(G4double)n ;
 
  for (G4int j=1; j<TotBin; j++) {
 
    G4double energy2 = rangeVector->GetLowEdgeEnergy(j);
    G4double de = (energy2 - energy1) * del ;
    G4double dedx1 = dedx ;
 
    for (G4int i=1; i<n; i++) {
      G4double energy = energy1 + i*de ;
      G4double dedx2  = physicsVector->GetValue(energy,isOut);
      range  += 0.5*de*(1.0/dedx1 + 1.0/dedx2);
      dedx1   = dedx2;
    }
    rangeVector->PutValue(j,range);
    dedx = dedx1 ;
    energy1 = energy2 ;
  }
}    
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
void G4hRDEnergyLoss::BuildLabTimeVector(G4int materialIndex,
                     G4PhysicsLogVector* timeVector)
//  create lab time vector for a material
{
 
  G4int nbin=100;
  G4bool isOut;
  G4double tlim=5.*keV,parlowen=0.4,ppar=0.5-parlowen ;
  //G4double losslim,clim,taulim,timelim,ltaulim,ltaumax,
  G4double losslim,clim,taulim,timelim,
    LowEdgeEnergy,tau,Value ;
 
  G4PhysicsVector* physicsVector= (*theDEDXTable)[materialIndex];
 
  // low energy part first...
  losslim = physicsVector->GetValue(tlim,isOut);
  taulim=tlim/ParticleMass ;
  clim=std::sqrt(ParticleMass*tlim/2.)/(c_light*losslim*ppar) ;
  //ltaulim = std::log(taulim);
  //ltaumax = std::log(HighestKineticEnergy/ParticleMass) ;
 
  G4int i=-1;
  G4double oldValue = 0. ;
  G4double tauold ;
  do  
    {
      i += 1 ;
      LowEdgeEnergy = timeVector->GetLowEdgeEnergy(i);
      tau = LowEdgeEnergy/ParticleMass ;
      if ( tau <= taulim )
    {
      Value = clim*std::exp(ppar*std::log(tau/taulim)) ;
    }
      else
    {
      timelim=clim ;
      ltaulow = std::log(taulim);
      ltauhigh = std::log(tau);
      Value = timelim+LabTimeIntLog(physicsVector,nbin);
    }
      timeVector->PutValue(i,Value);
      oldValue = Value ;
      tauold = tau ;
    } while (tau<=taulim) ;
 
  i += 1 ;
  for (G4int j=i; j<TotBin; j++)
    {
      LowEdgeEnergy = timeVector->GetLowEdgeEnergy(j);
      tau = LowEdgeEnergy/ParticleMass ;
      ltaulow = std::log(tauold);
      ltauhigh = std::log(tau);
      Value = oldValue+LabTimeIntLog(physicsVector,nbin);
      timeVector->PutValue(j,Value);
      oldValue = Value ;
      tauold = tau ;
    }
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
void G4hRDEnergyLoss::BuildProperTimeVector(G4int materialIndex,
                        G4PhysicsLogVector* timeVector)
//  create proper time vector for a material
{
  G4int nbin=100;
  G4bool isOut;
  G4double tlim=5.*keV,parlowen=0.4,ppar=0.5-parlowen ;
  //G4double losslim,clim,taulim,timelim,ltaulim,ltaumax,
  G4double losslim,clim,taulim,timelim,
    LowEdgeEnergy,tau,Value ;
 
  G4PhysicsVector* physicsVector= (*theDEDXTable)[materialIndex];
 
  // low energy part first...
  losslim = physicsVector->GetValue(tlim,isOut);
  taulim=tlim/ParticleMass ;
  clim=std::sqrt(ParticleMass*tlim/2.)/(c_light*losslim*ppar) ;
  //ltaulim = std::log(taulim);
  //ltaumax = std::log(HighestKineticEnergy/ParticleMass) ;
 
  G4int i=-1;
  G4double oldValue = 0. ;
  G4double tauold ;
  do
    {
      i += 1 ;
      LowEdgeEnergy = timeVector->GetLowEdgeEnergy(i);
      tau = LowEdgeEnergy/ParticleMass ;
      if ( tau <= taulim )
    {
      Value = clim*std::exp(ppar*std::log(tau/taulim)) ;
    }
      else
    {
      timelim=clim ;
      ltaulow = std::log(taulim);
      ltauhigh = std::log(tau);
      Value = timelim+ProperTimeIntLog(physicsVector,nbin);
    }
      timeVector->PutValue(i,Value);
      oldValue = Value ;
      tauold = tau ;
    } while (tau<=taulim) ;
 
  i += 1 ;
  for (G4int j=i; j<TotBin; j++)
    {
      LowEdgeEnergy = timeVector->GetLowEdgeEnergy(j);
      tau = LowEdgeEnergy/ParticleMass ;
      ltaulow = std::log(tauold);
      ltauhigh = std::log(tau);
      Value = oldValue+ProperTimeIntLog(physicsVector,nbin);
      timeVector->PutValue(j,Value);
      oldValue = Value ;
      tauold = tau ;
    }
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
G4double G4hRDEnergyLoss::RangeIntLin(G4PhysicsVector* physicsVector,
                      G4int nbin)
//  num. integration, linear binning
{
  G4double dtau,Value,taui,ti,lossi,ci;
  G4bool isOut;
  dtau = (tauhigh-taulow)/nbin;
  Value = 0.;
 
  for (G4int i=0; i<=nbin; i++)
    {
      taui = taulow + dtau*i ;
      ti = Mass*taui;
      lossi = physicsVector->GetValue(ti,isOut);
      if(i==0)
    ci=0.5;
      else
    {
      if(i<nbin)
        ci=1.;
      else
        ci=0.5;
    }
      Value += ci/lossi;
    }
  Value *= Mass*dtau;
  return Value;
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
G4double G4hRDEnergyLoss::RangeIntLog(G4PhysicsVector* physicsVector,
                      G4int nbin)
//  num. integration, logarithmic binning
{
  G4double ltt,dltau,Value,ui,taui,ti,lossi,ci;
  G4bool isOut;
  ltt = ltauhigh-ltaulow;
  dltau = ltt/nbin;
  Value = 0.;
 
  for (G4int i=0; i<=nbin; i++)
    {
      ui = ltaulow+dltau*i;
      taui = std::exp(ui);
      ti = Mass*taui;
      lossi = physicsVector->GetValue(ti,isOut);
      if(i==0)
    ci=0.5;
      else
    {
      if(i<nbin)
        ci=1.;
      else
        ci=0.5;
    }
      Value += ci*taui/lossi;
    }
  Value *= Mass*dltau;
  return Value;
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
G4double G4hRDEnergyLoss::LabTimeIntLog(G4PhysicsVector* physicsVector,
                    G4int nbin)
//  num. integration, logarithmic binning
{
  G4double ltt,dltau,Value,ui,taui,ti,lossi,ci;
  G4bool isOut;
  ltt = ltauhigh-ltaulow;
  dltau = ltt/nbin;
  Value = 0.;
 
  for (G4int i=0; i<=nbin; i++)
    {
      ui = ltaulow+dltau*i;
      taui = std::exp(ui);
      ti = ParticleMass*taui;
      lossi = physicsVector->GetValue(ti,isOut);
      if(i==0)
    ci=0.5;
      else
    {
      if(i<nbin)
        ci=1.;
      else
        ci=0.5;
    }
      Value += ci*taui*(ti+ParticleMass)/(std::sqrt(ti*(ti+2.*ParticleMass))*lossi);
    }
  Value *= ParticleMass*dltau/c_light;
  return Value;
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
G4double G4hRDEnergyLoss::ProperTimeIntLog(G4PhysicsVector* physicsVector,
                       G4int nbin)
//  num. integration, logarithmic binning
{
  G4double ltt,dltau,Value,ui,taui,ti,lossi,ci;
  G4bool isOut;
  ltt = ltauhigh-ltaulow;
  dltau = ltt/nbin;
  Value = 0.;
 
  for (G4int i=0; i<=nbin; i++)
    {
      ui = ltaulow+dltau*i;
      taui = std::exp(ui);
      ti = ParticleMass*taui;
      lossi = physicsVector->GetValue(ti,isOut);
      if(i==0)
    ci=0.5;
      else
    {
      if(i<nbin)
        ci=1.;
      else
        ci=0.5;
    }
      Value += ci*taui*ParticleMass/(std::sqrt(ti*(ti+2.*ParticleMass))*lossi);
    }
  Value *= ParticleMass*dltau/c_light;
  return Value;
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
void G4hRDEnergyLoss::BuildRangeCoeffATable(
                        const G4ParticleDefinition& )
// Build tables of coefficients for the energy loss calculation
//  create table for coefficients "A"
{
 
  G4int numOfCouples = G4ProductionCutsTable::GetProductionCutsTable()->GetTableSize();
 
  if(Charge>0.)
    {
      if(thepRangeCoeffATable)
    { thepRangeCoeffATable->clearAndDestroy();
      delete thepRangeCoeffATable; }
      thepRangeCoeffATable = new G4PhysicsTable(numOfCouples);
      theRangeCoeffATable = thepRangeCoeffATable ;
      theRangeTable = theRangepTable ;
    }
  else
    {
      if(thepbarRangeCoeffATable)
    { thepbarRangeCoeffATable->clearAndDestroy();
      delete thepbarRangeCoeffATable; }
      thepbarRangeCoeffATable = new G4PhysicsTable(numOfCouples);
      theRangeCoeffATable = thepbarRangeCoeffATable ;
      theRangeTable = theRangepbarTable ;
    }
 
  G4double R2 = RTable*RTable ;
  G4double R1 = RTable+1.;
  G4double w = R1*(RTable-1.)*(RTable-1.);
  G4double w1 = RTable/w , w2 = -RTable*R1/w , w3 = R2/w ;
  G4double Ti , Tim , Tip , Ri , Rim , Rip , Value ;
  G4bool isOut;
 
  //  loop for materials
  for (G4int J=0; J<numOfCouples; J++)
    {
      G4int binmax=TotBin ;
      G4PhysicsLinearVector* aVector = 
    new G4PhysicsLinearVector(0.,binmax, TotBin);
      Ti = LowestKineticEnergy ;
      if (Ti < DBL_MIN) Ti = 1.e-8;
      G4PhysicsVector* rangeVector= (*theRangeTable)[J];
 
      for ( G4int i=0; i<TotBin; i++)
    {
      Ri = rangeVector->GetValue(Ti,isOut) ;
      if (Ti < DBL_MIN) Ti = 1.e-8;
      if ( i==0 )
        Rim = 0. ;
      else
        {
          // ---- MGP ---- Modified to avoid a floating point exception
          // The correction is just a temporary patch, the whole class should be redesigned 
          // Original: Tim = Ti/RTable  results in 0./0. 
          if (RTable != 0.)
        {
          Tim = Ti/RTable ;
        }
          else
        {
          Tim = 0.;
        }
          Rim = rangeVector->GetValue(Tim,isOut);
        }
      if ( i==(TotBin-1))
        Rip = Ri ;
      else
        {
          Tip = Ti*RTable ;
          Rip = rangeVector->GetValue(Tip,isOut);
        }
      Value = (w1*Rip + w2*Ri + w3*Rim)/(Ti*Ti) ; 
 
      aVector->PutValue(i,Value);
      Ti = RTable*Ti ;
    }
  
      theRangeCoeffATable->insert(aVector);
    } 
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
void G4hRDEnergyLoss::BuildRangeCoeffBTable(
                        const G4ParticleDefinition& )
// Build tables of coefficients for the energy loss calculation
//  create table for coefficients "B"
{
 
  G4int numOfCouples = G4ProductionCutsTable::GetProductionCutsTable()->GetTableSize();
 
  if(Charge>0.)
    {
      if(thepRangeCoeffBTable)
    { thepRangeCoeffBTable->clearAndDestroy();
      delete thepRangeCoeffBTable; }
      thepRangeCoeffBTable = new G4PhysicsTable(numOfCouples);
      theRangeCoeffBTable = thepRangeCoeffBTable ;
      theRangeTable = theRangepTable ;
    }
  else
    {
      if(thepbarRangeCoeffBTable)
    { thepbarRangeCoeffBTable->clearAndDestroy();
      delete thepbarRangeCoeffBTable; }
      thepbarRangeCoeffBTable = new G4PhysicsTable(numOfCouples);
      theRangeCoeffBTable = thepbarRangeCoeffBTable ;
      theRangeTable = theRangepbarTable ;
    }
 
  G4double R2 = RTable*RTable ;
  G4double R1 = RTable+1.;
  G4double w = R1*(RTable-1.)*(RTable-1.);
  if (w < DBL_MIN) w = DBL_MIN;
  G4double w1 = -R1/w , w2 = R1*(R2+1.)/w , w3 = -R2*R1/w ;
  G4double Ti , Tim , Tip , Ri , Rim , Rip , Value ;
  G4bool isOut;
 
  //  loop for materials
  for (G4int J=0; J<numOfCouples; J++)
    {
      G4int binmax=TotBin ;
      G4PhysicsLinearVector* aVector =
    new G4PhysicsLinearVector(0.,binmax, TotBin);
      Ti = LowestKineticEnergy ;
      if (Ti < DBL_MIN) Ti = 1.e-8;
      G4PhysicsVector* rangeVector= (*theRangeTable)[J];
   
      for ( G4int i=0; i<TotBin; i++)
    {
      Ri = rangeVector->GetValue(Ti,isOut) ;
      if (Ti < DBL_MIN) Ti = 1.e-8;
      if ( i==0 )
        Rim = 0. ;
      else
        {
          if (RTable < DBL_MIN) RTable = DBL_MIN;
          Tim = Ti/RTable ;
          Rim = rangeVector->GetValue(Tim,isOut);
        }
      if ( i==(TotBin-1))
        Rip = Ri ;
      else
        {
          Tip = Ti*RTable ;
          Rip = rangeVector->GetValue(Tip,isOut);
        }
      if (Ti < DBL_MIN) Ti = DBL_MIN;
      Value = (w1*Rip + w2*Ri + w3*Rim)/Ti;
 
      aVector->PutValue(i,Value);
      Ti = RTable*Ti ;
    }
      theRangeCoeffBTable->insert(aVector);
    } 
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
void G4hRDEnergyLoss::BuildRangeCoeffCTable(
                        const G4ParticleDefinition& )
// Build tables of coefficients for the energy loss calculation
//  create table for coefficients "C"
{
 
  G4int numOfCouples = G4ProductionCutsTable::GetProductionCutsTable()->GetTableSize();
 
  if(Charge>0.)
    {
      if(thepRangeCoeffCTable)
    { thepRangeCoeffCTable->clearAndDestroy();
      delete thepRangeCoeffCTable; }
      thepRangeCoeffCTable = new G4PhysicsTable(numOfCouples);
      theRangeCoeffCTable = thepRangeCoeffCTable ;
      theRangeTable = theRangepTable ;
    }
  else
    {
      if(thepbarRangeCoeffCTable)
    { thepbarRangeCoeffCTable->clearAndDestroy();
      delete thepbarRangeCoeffCTable; }
      thepbarRangeCoeffCTable = new G4PhysicsTable(numOfCouples);
      theRangeCoeffCTable = thepbarRangeCoeffCTable ;
      theRangeTable = theRangepbarTable ;
    }
  
  G4double R2 = RTable*RTable ;
  G4double R1 = RTable+1.;
  G4double w = R1*(RTable-1.)*(RTable-1.);
  G4double w1 = 1./w , w2 = -RTable*R1/w , w3 = RTable*R2/w ;
  G4double Ti , Tim , Tip , Ri , Rim , Rip , Value ;
  G4bool isOut;
 
  //  loop for materials
  for (G4int J=0; J<numOfCouples; J++)
    {
      G4int binmax=TotBin ;
      G4PhysicsLinearVector* aVector =
    new G4PhysicsLinearVector(0.,binmax, TotBin);
      Ti = LowestKineticEnergy ;
      G4PhysicsVector* rangeVector= (*theRangeTable)[J];
   
      for ( G4int i=0; i<TotBin; i++)
    {
      Ri = rangeVector->GetValue(Ti,isOut) ;
      if ( i==0 )
        Rim = 0. ;
      else
        {
          Tim = Ti/RTable ;
          Rim = rangeVector->GetValue(Tim,isOut);
        }
      if ( i==(TotBin-1))
        Rip = Ri ;
      else
        {
          Tip = Ti*RTable ;
          Rip = rangeVector->GetValue(Tip,isOut);
        }
      Value = w1*Rip + w2*Ri + w3*Rim ;
 
      aVector->PutValue(i,Value);
      Ti = RTable*Ti ;
    }
      theRangeCoeffCTable->insert(aVector);
    } 
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
void G4hRDEnergyLoss::BuildInverseRangeTable(
                         const G4ParticleDefinition& aParticleType)
// Build inverse table of the range table
{
  G4bool b;
 
  const G4ProductionCutsTable* theCoupleTable=
    G4ProductionCutsTable::GetProductionCutsTable();
  size_t numOfCouples = theCoupleTable->GetTableSize();
 
  if(&aParticleType == G4Proton::Proton())
    {
      if(theInverseRangepTable)
    { theInverseRangepTable->clearAndDestroy();
      delete theInverseRangepTable; }
      theInverseRangepTable = new G4PhysicsTable(numOfCouples);
      theInverseRangeTable = theInverseRangepTable ;
      theRangeTable = theRangepTable ;
      theDEDXTable =  theDEDXpTable ;
      theRangeCoeffATable = thepRangeCoeffATable ;
      theRangeCoeffBTable = thepRangeCoeffBTable ;
      theRangeCoeffCTable = thepRangeCoeffCTable ;
    }
 
  if(&aParticleType == G4AntiProton::AntiProton())
    {
      if(theInverseRangepbarTable)
    { theInverseRangepbarTable->clearAndDestroy();
      delete theInverseRangepbarTable; }
      theInverseRangepbarTable = new G4PhysicsTable(numOfCouples);
      theInverseRangeTable = theInverseRangepbarTable ;
      theRangeTable = theRangepbarTable ;
      theDEDXTable =  theDEDXpbarTable ;
      theRangeCoeffATable = thepbarRangeCoeffATable ;
      theRangeCoeffBTable = thepbarRangeCoeffBTable ;
      theRangeCoeffCTable = thepbarRangeCoeffCTable ;
    }
 
  // loop for materials 
  for (size_t i=0;  i<numOfCouples; i++)
    {
 
      G4PhysicsVector* pv = (*theRangeTable)[i];
      size_t nbins   = pv->GetVectorLength();
      G4double elow  = pv->GetLowEdgeEnergy(0);
      G4double ehigh = pv->GetLowEdgeEnergy(nbins-1);
      G4double rlow  = pv->GetValue(elow, b);
      G4double rhigh = pv->GetValue(ehigh, b);
 
      if (rlow <DBL_MIN) rlow = 1.e-8;
      if (rhigh > 1.e16) rhigh = 1.e16;
      if (rhigh < 1.e-8) rhigh =1.e-8;
      G4double tmpTrick = rhigh/rlow;
 
      //std::cout << nbins << ", elow " << elow << ", ehigh " << ehigh 
      //        << ", rlow " << rlow << ", rhigh " << rhigh << ", trick " << tmpTrick << std::endl;
 
      if (tmpTrick <= 0. || tmpTrick < DBL_MIN) tmpTrick = 1.e-8; 
      if (tmpTrick > 1.e16) tmpTrick = 1.e16; 
     
      rhigh *= std::exp(std::log(tmpTrick)/((G4double)(nbins-1)));
 
      G4PhysicsLogVector* v = new G4PhysicsLogVector(rlow, rhigh, nbins);
 
      v->PutValue(0,elow);
      G4double energy1 = elow;
      G4double range1  = rlow;
      G4double energy2 = elow;
      G4double range2  = rlow;
      size_t ilow      = 0;
      size_t ihigh;
 
      for (size_t j=1; j<nbins; j++) {
 
    G4double range = v->GetLowEdgeEnergy(j);
 
    for (ihigh=ilow+1; ihigh<nbins; ihigh++) {
      energy2 = pv->GetLowEdgeEnergy(ihigh);
      range2  = pv->GetValue(energy2, b);
      if(range2 >= range || ihigh == nbins-1) {
        ilow = ihigh - 1;
        energy1 = pv->GetLowEdgeEnergy(ilow);
        range1  = pv->GetValue(energy1, b);
        break;
      }
    }
 
    G4double e = std::log(energy1) + std::log(energy2/energy1)*std::log(range/range1)/std::log(range2/range1);
 
    v->PutValue(j,std::exp(e));
      }
      theInverseRangeTable->insert(v);
 
    }
}
 
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
void G4hRDEnergyLoss::InvertRangeVector(G4int materialIndex,
                    G4PhysicsLogVector* aVector)
//  invert range vector for a material
{
  G4double LowEdgeRange,A,B,C,discr,KineticEnergy ;
  G4double Tbin = LowestKineticEnergy/RTable ;
  G4double rangebin = 0.0 ;
  G4int binnumber = -1 ;
  G4bool isOut ;
 
 
  //loop for range values
  for( G4int i=0; i<TotBin; i++)
    {
      LowEdgeRange = aVector->GetLowEdgeEnergy(i) ;  //i.e. GetLowEdgeValue(i)
 
      if( rangebin < LowEdgeRange )
    {
      do
        {
          binnumber += 1 ;
          Tbin *= RTable ;
          rangebin = (*theRangeTable)(materialIndex)->GetValue(Tbin,isOut) ;
        }
      while ((rangebin < LowEdgeRange) && (binnumber < TotBin )) ;
    }
 
      if(binnumber == 0)
    KineticEnergy = LowestKineticEnergy ;
      else if(binnumber == TotBin-1)
    KineticEnergy = HighestKineticEnergy ;
      else
    {
      A = (*(*theRangeCoeffATable)(materialIndex))(binnumber-1) ;
      B = (*(*theRangeCoeffBTable)(materialIndex))(binnumber-1) ;
      C = (*(*theRangeCoeffCTable)(materialIndex))(binnumber-1) ;
      if(A==0.)
        KineticEnergy = (LowEdgeRange -C )/B ;
      else
        {
          discr = B*B - 4.*A*(C-LowEdgeRange);
          discr = discr>0. ? std::sqrt(discr) : 0.;
          KineticEnergy = 0.5*(discr-B)/A ;
        }
    }
 
      aVector->PutValue(i,KineticEnergy) ;
    }
}
 
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
G4bool G4hRDEnergyLoss::CutsWhereModified()
{
  G4bool wasModified = false;
  const G4ProductionCutsTable* theCoupleTable=
    G4ProductionCutsTable::GetProductionCutsTable();
  size_t numOfCouples = theCoupleTable->GetTableSize();
 
  for (size_t j=0; j<numOfCouples; j++){
    if (theCoupleTable->GetMaterialCutsCouple(j)->IsRecalcNeeded()) {
      wasModified = true;
      break;
    }
  }
  return wasModified;
}
 
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
//--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 
 
//G4bool G4hRDEnergyLoss::IsApplicable(const G4ParticleDefinition&
//                                                     particle)
//{
//   return((particle.GetPDGCharge()!= 0.) && (particle.GetLeptonNumber() == 0));
//}
         
//G4double G4hRDEnergyLoss::GetContinuousStepLimit(
//                                               const G4Track& track,
//                                               G4double,
//                                               G4double currentMinimumStep,
//                                               G4double&)
//{
// 
//  G4double Step =
//    GetConstraints(track.GetDynamicParticle(),track.GetMaterial()) ;
//
//  if((Step>0.0)&&(Step<currentMinimumStep))
//     currentMinimumStep = Step ;
//
//  return Step ;
//}