G4GenericPolycone.cc

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//
// G4GenericPolycone implementation
//
// Authors: T.Nikitina, G.Cosmo - CERN
// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
#include "G4GenericPolycone.hh"
 
#if !defined(G4GEOM_USE_UGENERICPOLYCONE)
 
#include "G4PolyconeSide.hh"
#include "G4PolyPhiFace.hh"
 
#include "G4GeomTools.hh"
#include "G4VoxelLimits.hh"
#include "G4AffineTransform.hh"
#include "G4BoundingEnvelope.hh"
 
#include "G4QuickRand.hh"
 
#include "G4Polyhedron.hh"
#include "G4EnclosingCylinder.hh"
#include "G4ReduciblePolygon.hh"
#include "G4VPVParameterisation.hh"
 
namespace
{
  G4Mutex surface_elementsMutex = G4MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
}
 
using namespace CLHEP;
 
// Constructor (generic parameters)
//
G4GenericPolycone::G4GenericPolycone( const G4String& name,
                              G4double phiStart,
                              G4double phiTotal,
                              G4int    numRZ,
                        const G4double r[],
                        const G4double z[]   )
  : G4VCSGfaceted( name )
{
 
  G4ReduciblePolygon *rz = new G4ReduciblePolygon( r, z, numRZ );
 
  Create( phiStart, phiTotal, rz );
 
  // Set original_parameters struct for consistency
  //
  //SetOriginalParameters(rz);
 
  delete rz;
}
 
// Create
//
// Generic create routine, called by each constructor after
// conversion of arguments
//
void G4GenericPolycone::Create( G4double phiStart,
                         G4double phiTotal,
                         G4ReduciblePolygon *rz    )
{
  //
  // Perform checks of rz values
  //
  if (rz->Amin() < 0.0)
  {
    std::ostringstream message;
    message << "Illegal input parameters - " << GetName() << G4endl
            << "        All R values must be >= 0 !";
    G4Exception("G4GenericPolycone::Create()", "GeomSolids0002",
                FatalErrorInArgument, message);
  }
 
  G4double rzArea = rz->Area();
  if (rzArea < -kCarTolerance)
  {
    rz->ReverseOrder();
  }
  else if (rzArea < kCarTolerance)
  {
    std::ostringstream message;
    message << "Illegal input parameters - " << GetName() << G4endl
            << "        R/Z cross section is zero or near zero: " << rzArea;
    G4Exception("G4GenericPolycone::Create()", "GeomSolids0002",
                FatalErrorInArgument, message);
  }
 
  if ( (!rz->RemoveDuplicateVertices( kCarTolerance ))
    || (!rz->RemoveRedundantVertices( kCarTolerance ))     )
  {
    std::ostringstream message;
    message << "Illegal input parameters - " << GetName() << G4endl
            << "        Too few unique R/Z values !";
    G4Exception("G4GenericPolycone::Create()", "GeomSolids0002",
                FatalErrorInArgument, message);
  }
 
  if (rz->CrossesItself(1/kInfinity))
  {
    std::ostringstream message;
    message << "Illegal input parameters - " << GetName() << G4endl
            << "        R/Z segments cross !";
    G4Exception("G4GenericPolycone::Create()", "GeomSolids0002",
                FatalErrorInArgument, message);
  }
 
  numCorner = rz->NumVertices();
 
  //
  // Phi opening? Account for some possible roundoff, and interpret
  // nonsense value as representing no phi opening
  //
  if (phiTotal <= 0 || phiTotal > twopi-1E-10)
  {
    phiIsOpen = false;
    startPhi = 0;
    endPhi = twopi;
  }
  else
  {
    phiIsOpen = true;
 
    //
    // Convert phi into our convention
    //
    startPhi = phiStart;
    while( startPhi < 0 )    // Loop checking, 13.08.2015, G.Cosmo
      startPhi += twopi;
 
    endPhi = phiStart+phiTotal;
    while( endPhi < startPhi )    // Loop checking, 13.08.2015, G.Cosmo
      endPhi += twopi;
  }
 
  //
  // Allocate corner array.
  //
  corners = new G4PolyconeSideRZ[numCorner];
 
  //
  // Copy corners
  //
  G4ReduciblePolygonIterator iterRZ(rz);
 
  G4PolyconeSideRZ* next = corners;
  iterRZ.Begin();
  do    // Loop checking, 13.08.2015, G.Cosmo
  {
    next->r = iterRZ.GetA();
    next->z = iterRZ.GetB();
  } while( ++next, iterRZ.Next() );
 
  //
  // Allocate face pointer array
  //
  numFace = phiIsOpen ? numCorner+2 : numCorner;
  faces = new G4VCSGface*[numFace];
 
  //
  // Construct conical faces
  //
  // But! Don't construct a face if both points are at zero radius!
  //
  G4PolyconeSideRZ *corner = corners,
                   *prev = corners + numCorner-1,
                   *nextNext;
  G4VCSGface** face = faces;
  do    // Loop checking, 13.08.2015, G.Cosmo
  {
    next = corner+1;
    if (next >= corners+numCorner) next = corners;
    nextNext = next+1;
    if (nextNext >= corners+numCorner) nextNext = corners;
 
    if (corner->r < 1/kInfinity && next->r < 1/kInfinity) continue;
 
    //
    // We must decide here if we can dare declare one of our faces
    // as having a "valid" normal (i.e. allBehind = true). This
    // is never possible if the face faces "inward" in r.
    //
    G4bool allBehind;
    if (corner->z > next->z)
    {
      allBehind = false;
    }
    else
    {
      //
      // Otherwise, it is only true if the line passing
      // through the two points of the segment do not
      // split the r/z cross section
      //
      allBehind = !rz->BisectedBy( corner->r, corner->z,
                 next->r, next->z, kCarTolerance );
    }
 
    *face++ = new G4PolyconeSide( prev, corner, next, nextNext,
                startPhi, endPhi-startPhi, phiIsOpen, allBehind );
  } while( prev=corner, corner=next, corner > corners );
 
  if (phiIsOpen)
  {
    //
    // Construct phi open edges
    //
    *face++ = new G4PolyPhiFace( rz, startPhi, 0, endPhi  );
    *face++ = new G4PolyPhiFace( rz, endPhi,   0, startPhi );
  }
 
  //
  // We might have dropped a face or two: recalculate numFace
  //
  numFace = face-faces;
 
  //
  // Make enclosingCylinder
  //
  enclosingCylinder =
    new G4EnclosingCylinder( rz, phiIsOpen, phiStart, phiTotal );
}
 
// Fake default constructor - sets only member data and allocates memory
//                            for usage restricted to object persistency.
//
G4GenericPolycone::G4GenericPolycone( __void__& a )
  : G4VCSGfaceted(a), startPhi(0.), endPhi(0.), numCorner(0)
{
}
 
// Destructor
//
G4GenericPolycone::~G4GenericPolycone()
{
  delete [] corners;
  delete enclosingCylinder;
  delete fElements;
  delete fpPolyhedron;
  corners = nullptr;
  enclosingCylinder = nullptr;
  fElements = nullptr;
  fpPolyhedron = nullptr;
}
 
// Copy constructor
//
G4GenericPolycone::G4GenericPolycone( const G4GenericPolycone& source )
  : G4VCSGfaceted( source )
{
  CopyStuff( source );
}
 
// Assignment operator
//
G4GenericPolycone&
G4GenericPolycone::operator=( const G4GenericPolycone& source )
{
  if (this == &source) return *this;
 
  G4VCSGfaceted::operator=( source );
 
  delete [] corners;
  // if (original_parameters) delete original_parameters;
 
  delete enclosingCylinder;
 
  CopyStuff( source );
 
  return *this;
}
 
// CopyStuff
//
void G4GenericPolycone::CopyStuff( const G4GenericPolycone& source )
{
  //
  // Simple stuff
  //
  startPhi  = source.startPhi;
  endPhi    = source.endPhi;
  phiIsOpen = source.phiIsOpen;
  numCorner = source.numCorner;
 
  //
  // The corner array
  //
  corners = new G4PolyconeSideRZ[numCorner];
 
  G4PolyconeSideRZ  *corn = corners,
        *sourceCorn = source.corners;
  do    // Loop checking, 13.08.2015, G.Cosmo
  {
    *corn = *sourceCorn;
  } while( ++sourceCorn, ++corn < corners+numCorner );
 
  //
  // Enclosing cylinder
  //
  enclosingCylinder = new G4EnclosingCylinder( *source.enclosingCylinder );
 
  //
  // Surface elements
  //
  delete fElements;
  fElements = nullptr;
 
  // Polyhedron
  //
  fRebuildPolyhedron = false;
  delete fpPolyhedron;
  fpPolyhedron = nullptr;
}
 
// Reset
//
G4bool G4GenericPolycone::Reset()
{
  std::ostringstream message;
  message << "Solid " << GetName() << " built using generic construct."
          << G4endl << "Not applicable to the generic construct !";
  G4Exception("G4GenericPolycone::Reset()", "GeomSolids1001",
              JustWarning, message, "Parameters NOT resetted.");
  return true;
}
 
// Inside
//
// This is an override of G4VCSGfaceted::Inside, created in order
// to speed things up by first checking with G4EnclosingCylinder.
//
EInside G4GenericPolycone::Inside( const G4ThreeVector& p ) const
{
  //
  // Quick test
  //
  if (enclosingCylinder->MustBeOutside(p)) return kOutside;
 
  //
  // Long answer
  //
  return G4VCSGfaceted::Inside(p);
}
 
// DistanceToIn
//
// This is an override of G4VCSGfaceted::Inside, created in order
// to speed things up by first checking with G4EnclosingCylinder.
//
G4double G4GenericPolycone::DistanceToIn( const G4ThreeVector& p,
                                          const G4ThreeVector& v ) const
{
  //
  // Quick test
  //
  if (enclosingCylinder->ShouldMiss(p,v))
    return kInfinity;
 
  //
  // Long answer
  //
  return G4VCSGfaceted::DistanceToIn( p, v );
}
 
// DistanceToIn
//
G4double G4GenericPolycone::DistanceToIn( const G4ThreeVector& p ) const
{
  return G4VCSGfaceted::DistanceToIn(p);
}
 
// BoundingLimits
//
// Get bounding box
//
void
G4GenericPolycone::BoundingLimits(G4ThreeVector& pMin,
                                  G4ThreeVector& pMax) const
{
  G4double rmin = kInfinity, rmax = -kInfinity;
  G4double zmin = kInfinity, zmax = -kInfinity;
 
  for (G4int i=0; i<GetNumRZCorner(); ++i)
  {
    G4PolyconeSideRZ corner = GetCorner(i);
    if (corner.r < rmin) rmin = corner.r;
    if (corner.r > rmax) rmax = corner.r;
    if (corner.z < zmin) zmin = corner.z;
    if (corner.z > zmax) zmax = corner.z;
  }
 
  if (IsOpen())
  {
    G4TwoVector vmin,vmax;
    G4GeomTools::DiskExtent(rmin,rmax,
                            GetSinStartPhi(),GetCosStartPhi(),
                            GetSinEndPhi(),GetCosEndPhi(),
                            vmin,vmax);
    pMin.set(vmin.x(),vmin.y(),zmin);
    pMax.set(vmax.x(),vmax.y(),zmax);
  }
  else
  {
    pMin.set(-rmax,-rmax, zmin);
    pMax.set( rmax, rmax, zmax);
  }
 
  // Check correctness of the bounding box
  //
  if (pMin.x() >= pMax.x() || pMin.y() >= pMax.y() || pMin.z() >= pMax.z())
  {
    std::ostringstream message;
    message << "Bad bounding box (min >= max) for solid: "
            << GetName() << " !"
            << "\npMin = " << pMin
            << "\npMax = " << pMax;
    G4Exception("GenericG4Polycone::BoundingLimits()", "GeomMgt0001",
                JustWarning, message);
    DumpInfo();
  }
}
 
// CalculateExtent
//
// Calculate extent under transform and specified limit
//
G4bool
G4GenericPolycone::CalculateExtent(const EAxis pAxis,
                                   const G4VoxelLimits& pVoxelLimit,
                                   const G4AffineTransform& pTransform,
                                         G4double& pMin, G4double& pMax) const
{
  G4ThreeVector bmin, bmax;
  G4bool exist;
 
  // Check bounding box (bbox)
  //
  BoundingLimits(bmin,bmax);
  G4BoundingEnvelope bbox(bmin,bmax);
#ifdef G4BBOX_EXTENT
  return bbox.CalculateExtent(pAxis,pVoxelLimit,pTransform,pMin,pMax);
#endif
  if (bbox.BoundingBoxVsVoxelLimits(pAxis,pVoxelLimit,pTransform,pMin,pMax))
  {
    return exist = (pMin < pMax) ? true : false;
  }
 
  // To find the extent, RZ contour of the polycone is subdivided
  // in triangles. The extent is calculated as cumulative extent of
  // all sub-polycones formed by rotation of triangles around Z
  //
  G4TwoVectorList contourRZ;
  G4TwoVectorList triangles;
  G4double eminlim = pVoxelLimit.GetMinExtent(pAxis);
  G4double emaxlim = pVoxelLimit.GetMaxExtent(pAxis);
 
  // get RZ contour, ensure anticlockwise order of corners
  for (G4int i=0; i<GetNumRZCorner(); ++i)
  {
    G4PolyconeSideRZ corner = GetCorner(i);
    contourRZ.push_back(G4TwoVector(corner.r,corner.z));
  }
  G4double area = G4GeomTools::PolygonArea(contourRZ);
  if (area < 0.) std::reverse(contourRZ.begin(),contourRZ.end());
 
  // triangulate RZ countour
  if (!G4GeomTools::TriangulatePolygon(contourRZ,triangles))
  {
    std::ostringstream message;
    message << "Triangulation of RZ contour has failed for solid: "
            << GetName() << " !"
            << "\nExtent has been calculated using boundary box";
    G4Exception("G4GenericPolycone::CalculateExtent()",
                "GeomMgt1002", JustWarning, message);
    return bbox.CalculateExtent(pAxis,pVoxelLimit,pTransform,pMin,pMax);
  }
 
  // set trigonometric values
  const G4int NSTEPS = 24;            // number of steps for whole circle
  G4double astep  = twopi/NSTEPS;     // max angle for one step
 
  G4double sphi   = GetStartPhi();
  G4double ephi   = GetEndPhi();
  G4double dphi   = IsOpen() ? ephi-sphi : twopi;
  G4int    ksteps = (dphi <= astep) ? 1 : (G4int)((dphi-deg)/astep) + 1;
  G4double ang    = dphi/ksteps;
 
  G4double sinHalf = std::sin(0.5*ang);
  G4double cosHalf = std::cos(0.5*ang);
  G4double sinStep = 2.*sinHalf*cosHalf;
  G4double cosStep = 1. - 2.*sinHalf*sinHalf;
 
  G4double sinStart = GetSinStartPhi();
  G4double cosStart = GetCosStartPhi();
  G4double sinEnd   = GetSinEndPhi();
  G4double cosEnd   = GetCosEndPhi();
 
  // define vectors and arrays
  std::vector<const G4ThreeVectorList *> polygons;
  polygons.resize(ksteps+2);
  G4ThreeVectorList pols[NSTEPS+2];
  for (G4int k=0; k<ksteps+2; ++k) pols[k].resize(6);
  for (G4int k=0; k<ksteps+2; ++k) polygons[k] = &pols[k];
  G4double r0[6],z0[6]; // contour with original edges of triangle
  G4double r1[6];       // shifted radii of external edges of triangle
 
  // main loop along triangles
  pMin = kInfinity;
  pMax =-kInfinity;
  G4int ntria = triangles.size()/3;
  for (G4int i=0; i<ntria; ++i)
  {
    G4int i3 = i*3;
    for (G4int k=0; k<3; ++k)
    {
      G4int e0 = i3+k, e1 = (k<2) ? e0+1 : i3;
      G4int k2 = k*2;
      // set contour with original edges of triangle
      r0[k2+0] = triangles[e0].x(); z0[k2+0] = triangles[e0].y();
      r0[k2+1] = triangles[e1].x(); z0[k2+1] = triangles[e1].y();
      // set shifted radii
      r1[k2+0] = r0[k2+0];
      r1[k2+1] = r0[k2+1];
      if (z0[k2+1] - z0[k2+0] <= 0) continue;
      r1[k2+0] /= cosHalf;
      r1[k2+1] /= cosHalf;
    }
 
    // rotate countour, set sequence of 6-sided polygons
    G4double sinCur = sinStart*cosHalf + cosStart*sinHalf;
    G4double cosCur = cosStart*cosHalf - sinStart*sinHalf;
    for (G4int j=0; j<6; ++j)
    {
      pols[0][j].set(r0[j]*cosStart,r0[j]*sinStart,z0[j]);
    }
    for (G4int k=1; k<ksteps+1; ++k)
    {
      for (G4int j=0; j<6; ++j)
      {
        pols[k][j].set(r1[j]*cosCur,r1[j]*sinCur,z0[j]);
      }
      G4double sinTmp = sinCur;
      sinCur = sinCur*cosStep + cosCur*sinStep;
      cosCur = cosCur*cosStep - sinTmp*sinStep;
    }
    for (G4int j=0; j<6; ++j)
    {
      pols[ksteps+1][j].set(r0[j]*cosEnd,r0[j]*sinEnd,z0[j]);
    }
 
    // set sub-envelope and adjust extent
    G4double emin,emax;
    G4BoundingEnvelope benv(polygons);
    if (!benv.CalculateExtent(pAxis,pVoxelLimit,pTransform,emin,emax)) continue;
    if (emin < pMin) pMin = emin;
    if (emax > pMax) pMax = emax;
    if (eminlim > pMin && emaxlim < pMax) return true; // max possible extent
  }
  return (pMin < pMax);
}
 
// GetEntityType
//
G4GeometryType  G4GenericPolycone::GetEntityType() const
{
  return G4String("G4GenericPolycone");
}
 
// Clone
//
// Make a clone of the object
//
G4VSolid* G4GenericPolycone::Clone() const
{
  return new G4GenericPolycone(*this);
}
 
// StreamInfo
//
// Stream object contents to an output stream
//
std::ostream& G4GenericPolycone::StreamInfo( std::ostream& os ) const
{
  G4int oldprc = os.precision(16);
  os << "-----------------------------------------------------------\n"
     << "    *** Dump for solid - " << GetName() << " ***\n"
     << "    ===================================================\n"
     << " Solid type: G4GenericPolycone\n"
     << " Parameters: \n"
     << "    starting phi angle : " << startPhi/degree << " degrees \n"
     << "    ending phi angle   : " << endPhi/degree << " degrees \n";
  G4int i=0;
 
  os << "    number of RZ points: " << numCorner << "\n"
     << "              RZ values (corners): \n";
     for (i=0; i<numCorner; i++)
     {
       os << "                         "
          << corners[i].r << ", " << corners[i].z << "\n";
     }
  os << "-----------------------------------------------------------\n";
  os.precision(oldprc);
 
  return os;
}
 
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Return volume
 
G4double G4GenericPolycone::GetCubicVolume()
{
  if (fCubicVolume == 0.)
  {
    G4double total = 0.;
    G4int nrz = GetNumRZCorner();
    G4PolyconeSideRZ a = GetCorner(nrz - 1);
    for (G4int i=0; i<nrz; ++i)
    {
      G4PolyconeSideRZ b = GetCorner(i);
      total += (b.r*b.r + b.r*a.r + a.r*a.r)*(b.z - a.z);
      a = b;
    }
    fCubicVolume = std::abs(total)*(GetEndPhi() - GetStartPhi())/6.;
  }
  return fCubicVolume;
}
 
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Return surface area
 
G4double G4GenericPolycone::GetSurfaceArea()
{
  if (fSurfaceArea == 0.)
  {
    // phi cut area
    G4int nrz = GetNumRZCorner();
    G4double scut = 0.;
    if (IsOpen())
    {
      G4PolyconeSideRZ a = GetCorner(nrz - 1);
      for (G4int i=0; i<nrz; ++i)
      {
        G4PolyconeSideRZ b = GetCorner(i);
        scut += a.r*b.z - a.z*b.r;
        a = b;
      }
      scut = std::abs(scut);
    }
    // lateral surface area
    G4double slat = 0;
    G4PolyconeSideRZ a = GetCorner(nrz - 1);
    for (G4int i=0; i<nrz; ++i)
    {
      G4PolyconeSideRZ b = GetCorner(i);
      G4double h = std::sqrt((b.r - a.r)*(b.r - a.r) + (b.z - a.z)*(b.z - a.z));
      slat += (b.r + a.r)*h;
      a = b;
    }
    slat *= (GetEndPhi() - GetStartPhi())/2.;
    fSurfaceArea = scut + slat;
  }
  return fSurfaceArea;
}
 
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Set vector of surface elements, auxiliary method for sampling
// random points on surface
 
void G4GenericPolycone::SetSurfaceElements() const
{
  fElements = new std::vector<G4GenericPolycone::surface_element>;
  G4double sarea = 0.;
  G4int nrz = GetNumRZCorner();
 
  // set lateral surface elements
  G4double dphi = GetEndPhi() - GetStartPhi();
  G4int ia = nrz - 1;
  for (G4int ib=0; ib<nrz; ++ib)
  {
    G4PolyconeSideRZ a = GetCorner(ia);
    G4PolyconeSideRZ b = GetCorner(ib);
    G4GenericPolycone::surface_element selem;
    selem.i0 = ia;
    selem.i1 = ib;
    selem.i2 = -1;
    ia = ib;
    if (a.r == 0. && b.r == 0.) continue;
    G4double h = std::sqrt((b.r - a.r)*(b.r - a.r) + (b.z - a.z)*(b.z - a.z));
    sarea += 0.5*dphi*(b.r + a.r)*h;
    selem.area = sarea;
    fElements->push_back(selem);
  }
 
  // set elements for phi cuts
  if (IsOpen())
  {
    G4TwoVectorList contourRZ;
    std::vector<G4int> triangles;
    for (G4int i=0; i<nrz; ++i)
    {
      G4PolyconeSideRZ corner = GetCorner(i);
      contourRZ.push_back(G4TwoVector(corner.r, corner.z));
    }
    G4GeomTools::TriangulatePolygon(contourRZ, triangles);
    G4int ntria = triangles.size();
    for (G4int i=0; i<ntria; i+=3)
    {
      G4GenericPolycone::surface_element selem;
      selem.i0 = triangles[i];
      selem.i1 = triangles[i+1];
      selem.i2 = triangles[i+2];
      G4PolyconeSideRZ a = GetCorner(selem.i0);
      G4PolyconeSideRZ b = GetCorner(selem.i1);
      G4PolyconeSideRZ c = GetCorner(selem.i2);
      G4double stria =
        std::abs(G4GeomTools::TriangleArea(a.r, a.z, b.r, b.z, c.r, c.z));
      sarea += stria;
      selem.area = sarea;
      fElements->push_back(selem); // start phi
      sarea += stria;
      selem.area = sarea;
      selem.i0 += nrz;
      fElements->push_back(selem); // end phi
    }
  }
}
 
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Generate random point on surface
 
G4ThreeVector G4GenericPolycone::GetPointOnSurface() const
{
  // Set surface elements
  if (!fElements)
  {
    G4AutoLock l(&surface_elementsMutex);
    SetSurfaceElements();
    l.unlock();
  }
 
  // Select surface element
  G4GenericPolycone::surface_element selem;
  selem = fElements->back();
  G4double select = selem.area*G4QuickRand();
  auto it = std::lower_bound(fElements->begin(), fElements->end(), select,
                             [](const G4GenericPolycone::surface_element& x, G4double val)
                             -> G4bool { return x.area < val; });
 
  // Generate random point
  G4double r = 0, z = 0, phi = 0;
  G4double u = G4QuickRand();
  G4double v = G4QuickRand();
  G4int i0 = (*it).i0;
  G4int i1 = (*it).i1;
  G4int i2 = (*it).i2;
  if (i2 < 0) // lateral surface
  {
    G4PolyconeSideRZ p0 = GetCorner(i0);
    G4PolyconeSideRZ p1 = GetCorner(i1);
    if (p1.r < p0.r)
    {
      p0 = GetCorner(i1);
      p1 = GetCorner(i0);
    }
    if (p1.r - p0.r < kCarTolerance) // cylindrical surface
    {
      r = (p1.r - p0.r)*u + p0.r;
      z = (p1.z - p0.z)*u + p0.z;
    }
    else // conical surface
    {
      r = std::sqrt(p1.r*p1.r*u + p0.r*p0.r*(1. - u));
      z = p0.z + (p1.z - p0.z)*(r - p0.r)/(p1.r - p0.r);
    }
    phi = (GetEndPhi() - GetStartPhi())*v + GetStartPhi();
  }
  else // phi cut
  {
    G4int nrz = GetNumRZCorner();
    phi = (i0 < nrz) ? GetStartPhi() : GetEndPhi();
    if (i0 >= nrz) { i0 -= nrz; }
    G4PolyconeSideRZ p0 = GetCorner(i0);
    G4PolyconeSideRZ p1 = GetCorner(i1);
    G4PolyconeSideRZ p2 = GetCorner(i2);
    if (u + v > 1.) { u = 1. - u; v = 1. - v; }
    r = (p1.r - p0.r)*u +  (p2.r - p0.r)*v + p0.r;
    z = (p1.z - p0.z)*u +  (p2.z - p0.z)*v + p0.z;
  }
  return G4ThreeVector(r*std::cos(phi), r*std::sin(phi), z);
}
 
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// CreatePolyhedron
 
G4Polyhedron* G4GenericPolycone::CreatePolyhedron() const
{
    // The following code prepares for:
    // HepPolyhedron::createPolyhedron(int Nnodes, int Nfaces,
    //                                  const double xyz[][3],
    //                                  const int faces_vec[][4])
    // Here is an extract from the header file HepPolyhedron.h:
    /**
     * Creates user defined polyhedron.
     * This function allows to the user to define arbitrary polyhedron.
     * The faces of the polyhedron should be either triangles or planar
     * quadrilateral. Nodes of a face are defined by indexes pointing to
     * the elements in the xyz array. Numeration of the elements in the
     * array starts from 1 (like in fortran). The indexes can be positive
     * or negative. Negative sign means that the corresponding edge is
     * invisible. The normal of the face should be directed to exterior
     * of the polyhedron.
     *
     * @param  Nnodes number of nodes
     * @param  Nfaces number of faces
     * @param  xyz    nodes
     * @param  faces_vec  faces (quadrilaterals or triangles)
     * @return status of the operation - is non-zero in case of problem
     */
    const G4int numSide =
          G4int(G4Polyhedron::GetNumberOfRotationSteps()
                * (endPhi - startPhi) / twopi) + 1;
    G4int nNodes;
    G4int nFaces;
    typedef G4double double3[3];
    double3* xyz;
    typedef G4int int4[4];
    int4* faces_vec;
    if (phiIsOpen)
    {
      // Triangulate open ends. Simple ear-chopping algorithm...
      // I'm not sure how robust this algorithm is (J.Allison).
      //
      std::vector<G4bool> chopped(numCorner, false);
      std::vector<G4int*> triQuads;
      G4int remaining = numCorner;
      G4int iStarter = 0;
      while (remaining >= 3)    // Loop checking, 13.08.2015, G.Cosmo
      {
        // Find unchopped corners...
        //
        G4int A = -1, B = -1, C = -1;
        G4int iStepper = iStarter;
        do    // Loop checking, 13.08.2015, G.Cosmo
        {
          if (A < 0)      { A = iStepper; }
          else if (B < 0) { B = iStepper; }
          else if (C < 0) { C = iStepper; }
          do    // Loop checking, 13.08.2015, G.Cosmo
          {
            if (++iStepper >= numCorner) { iStepper = 0; }
          }
          while (chopped[iStepper]);
        }
        while (C < 0 && iStepper != iStarter);
 
        // Check triangle at B is pointing outward (an "ear").
        // Sign of z cross product determines...
        //
        G4double BAr = corners[A].r - corners[B].r;
        G4double BAz = corners[A].z - corners[B].z;
        G4double BCr = corners[C].r - corners[B].r;
        G4double BCz = corners[C].z - corners[B].z;
        if (BAr * BCz - BAz * BCr < kCarTolerance)
        {
          G4int* tq = new G4int[3];
          tq[0] = A + 1;
          tq[1] = B + 1;
          tq[2] = C + 1;
          triQuads.push_back(tq);
          chopped[B] = true;
          --remaining;
        }
        else
        {
          do    // Loop checking, 13.08.2015, G.Cosmo
          {
            if (++iStarter >= numCorner) { iStarter = 0; }
          }
          while (chopped[iStarter]);
        }
      }
      // Transfer to faces...
      //
      nNodes = (numSide + 1) * numCorner;
      nFaces = numSide * numCorner + 2 * triQuads.size();
      faces_vec = new int4[nFaces];
      G4int iface = 0;
      G4int addition = numCorner * numSide;
      G4int d = numCorner - 1;
      for (G4int iEnd = 0; iEnd < 2; ++iEnd)
      {
        for (size_t i = 0; i < triQuads.size(); ++i)
        {
          // Negative for soft/auxiliary/normally invisible edges...
          //
          G4int a, b, c;
          if (iEnd == 0)
          {
            a = triQuads[i][0];
            b = triQuads[i][1];
            c = triQuads[i][2];
          }
          else
          {
            a = triQuads[i][0] + addition;
            b = triQuads[i][2] + addition;
            c = triQuads[i][1] + addition;
          }
          G4int ab = std::abs(b - a);
          G4int bc = std::abs(c - b);
          G4int ca = std::abs(a - c);
          faces_vec[iface][0] = (ab == 1 || ab == d)? a: -a;
          faces_vec[iface][1] = (bc == 1 || bc == d)? b: -b;
          faces_vec[iface][2] = (ca == 1 || ca == d)? c: -c;
          faces_vec[iface][3] = 0;
          ++iface;
        }
      }
 
      // Continue with sides...
 
      xyz = new double3[nNodes];
      const G4double dPhi = (endPhi - startPhi) / numSide;
      G4double phi = startPhi;
      G4int ixyz = 0;
      for (G4int iSide = 0; iSide < numSide; ++iSide)
      {
        for (G4int iCorner = 0; iCorner < numCorner; ++iCorner)
        {
          xyz[ixyz][0] = corners[iCorner].r * std::cos(phi);
          xyz[ixyz][1] = corners[iCorner].r * std::sin(phi);
          xyz[ixyz][2] = corners[iCorner].z;
          if (iSide == 0)   // startPhi
          {
            if (iCorner < numCorner - 1)
            {
              faces_vec[iface][0] = ixyz + 1;
              faces_vec[iface][1] = -(ixyz + numCorner + 1);
              faces_vec[iface][2] = ixyz + numCorner + 2;
              faces_vec[iface][3] = ixyz + 2;
            }
            else
            {
              faces_vec[iface][0] = ixyz + 1;
              faces_vec[iface][1] = -(ixyz + numCorner + 1);
              faces_vec[iface][2] = ixyz + 2;
              faces_vec[iface][3] = ixyz - numCorner + 2;
            }
          }
          else if (iSide == numSide - 1)   // endPhi
          {
            if (iCorner < numCorner - 1)
              {
                faces_vec[iface][0] = ixyz + 1;
                faces_vec[iface][1] = ixyz + numCorner + 1;
                faces_vec[iface][2] = ixyz + numCorner + 2;
                faces_vec[iface][3] = -(ixyz + 2);
              }
            else
              {
                faces_vec[iface][0] = ixyz + 1;
                faces_vec[iface][1] = ixyz + numCorner + 1;
                faces_vec[iface][2] = ixyz + 2;
                faces_vec[iface][3] = -(ixyz - numCorner + 2);
              }
          }
          else
          {
            if (iCorner < numCorner - 1)
              {
                faces_vec[iface][0] = ixyz + 1;
                faces_vec[iface][1] = -(ixyz + numCorner + 1);
                faces_vec[iface][2] = ixyz + numCorner + 2;
                faces_vec[iface][3] = -(ixyz + 2);
              }
              else
              {
                faces_vec[iface][0] = ixyz + 1;
                faces_vec[iface][1] = -(ixyz + numCorner + 1);
                faces_vec[iface][2] = ixyz + 2;
                faces_vec[iface][3] = -(ixyz - numCorner + 2);
              }
            }
            ++iface;
            ++ixyz;
        }
        phi += dPhi;
      }
 
      // Last corners...
 
      for (G4int iCorner = 0; iCorner < numCorner; ++iCorner)
      {
        xyz[ixyz][0] = corners[iCorner].r * std::cos(phi);
        xyz[ixyz][1] = corners[iCorner].r * std::sin(phi);
        xyz[ixyz][2] = corners[iCorner].z;
        ++ixyz;
      }
    }
    else  // !phiIsOpen - i.e., a complete 360 degrees.
    {
      nNodes = numSide * numCorner;
      nFaces = numSide * numCorner;;
      xyz = new double3[nNodes];
      faces_vec = new int4[nFaces];
      const G4double dPhi = (endPhi - startPhi) / numSide;
      G4double phi = startPhi;
      G4int ixyz = 0, iface = 0;
      for (G4int iSide = 0; iSide < numSide; ++iSide)
      {
        for (G4int iCorner = 0; iCorner < numCorner; ++iCorner)
        {
          xyz[ixyz][0] = corners[iCorner].r * std::cos(phi);
          xyz[ixyz][1] = corners[iCorner].r * std::sin(phi);
          xyz[ixyz][2] = corners[iCorner].z;
 
          if (iSide < numSide - 1)
          {
            if (iCorner < numCorner - 1)
            {
              faces_vec[iface][0] = ixyz + 1;
              faces_vec[iface][1] = -(ixyz + numCorner + 1);
              faces_vec[iface][2] = ixyz + numCorner + 2;
              faces_vec[iface][3] = -(ixyz + 2);
            }
            else
            {
              faces_vec[iface][0] = ixyz + 1;
              faces_vec[iface][1] = -(ixyz + numCorner + 1);
              faces_vec[iface][2] = ixyz + 2;
              faces_vec[iface][3] = -(ixyz - numCorner + 2);
            }
          }
          else   // Last side joins ends...
          {
            if (iCorner < numCorner - 1)
            {
              faces_vec[iface][0] = ixyz + 1;
              faces_vec[iface][1] = -(ixyz + numCorner - nFaces + 1);
              faces_vec[iface][2] = ixyz + numCorner - nFaces + 2;
              faces_vec[iface][3] = -(ixyz + 2);
            }
            else
            {
              faces_vec[iface][0] = ixyz + 1;
              faces_vec[iface][1] = -(ixyz - nFaces + numCorner + 1);
              faces_vec[iface][2] = ixyz - nFaces + 2;
              faces_vec[iface][3] = -(ixyz - numCorner + 2);
            }
          }
          ++ixyz;
          ++iface;
        }
        phi += dPhi;
      }
    }
    G4Polyhedron* polyhedron = new G4Polyhedron;
    G4int prob = polyhedron->createPolyhedron(nNodes, nFaces, xyz, faces_vec);
    delete [] faces_vec;
    delete [] xyz;
    if (prob)
    {
      std::ostringstream message;
      message << "Problem creating G4Polyhedron for: " << GetName();
      G4Exception("G4GenericPolycone::CreatePolyhedron()", "GeomSolids1002",
                  JustWarning, message);
      delete polyhedron;
      return nullptr;
    }
    else
    {
      return polyhedron;
    }
}
 
#endif